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Spring Cloud 搭建

news 2026/7/28 19:42:17

最近在学习spring cloud ，记录下在整个框架搭建注意事项。

版本：

SpringBoot : 2.0.9.RELEASE

SpringCloud : Finchley.SR4

一、说明：

使用SpringCloud全家桶组件：

eureka(注册中心) + config（动态配置中心） + zuul( 网关 ) + openfeign（服务通讯） + hystrix（限流熔断）+ dashboard（限流熔断界面化监控） + sleuth （调用链追踪）+ Zipkin（调用链追踪界面化监控） + logback-gelf (日志收集) + grayLog (日志统一管理) +rabbit (链路追踪信息发送使用 rabbt mq 异步化 + mysql存储 )

二、项目模块：

order + product

这里是一个非常简单的功能：根据id查询订单。请求先经过 zuul-- > order server---->product server 。

测试连接:

http://localhost:9090/order/v1/findOrderById

eureka :

zipkin 监控：

hystrix 监控：

zipkin 监控：

grayLog 日志监控：

项目：

三、问题总结：

1. 配置eureka 一定要加上

fetch-registry: 检索服务选项，当设置为True(默认值)时，会进行服务检索,注册中心不负责检索服务。
register-with-eureka: 服务注册中心也会将自己作为客户端来尝试注册自己,为true（默认）时自动生效

2.配置 hystrix-dashboard 要暴露下流传传输路径：

management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: "*"

3.要配置prefer-ip-address 否则发布项目到doker后通讯的ip获取错误

eureka:
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true

7.zuul 默认是将注册中心获取到的全部服务接口进行发布代理，详情启动控制台会打印。
可以设置相关的敏感头信息不传送给后端的服务，如果cookie。

8 . 配置zuul调用后台服务的超时时间的话，配置ribbon的超时时间及可

ribbon:
ReadTimeout: 5000
ConnectTimeout: 5000

9，使用sleuth+ zipkin时，整个调用链（从gateway开始）服务器都要配置下starter-zipkin相关配置信息,这样在zipkin控制台才能看到整个调用链的服务名称。
最好使用mq异步传输日志信息。zipkin服务端建议用docker安装。zipkin的服务器时间要和服务的时间一样。

10. config 配置中心最好配置下baseUri 指定将配置文件保存到本机的位置。

因为生产环境有文件权限问题。当使用配置中心时，要将客户端服务的application.yml改成 bootstrap.yml，使配置文件优先加载后再去加载其他的。
每次重启config服务都会去git上拉取最新的配置到本地。
如果使用自动更新配置，需要将config服务进行 bus-refresh 方法暴露
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: "*"

然后调用下这个/actuator/bus-refresh（post）的接口。也可用使用 webHooks自动调用

config-client端要将被自动刷新的类上增加@RefreshScope 注解。

11.config-client 中的bootstrap.yml配置文件不需要指定配置文件名，因为会自动根据 appliction.name 的value 拼接 cloud.profile的value 去取对应的配置文件
config-client bootstrap配置文件中一定要配置eureka，因为是先去eureka获取config服务的信息，再去config中拉取配置启动项目的。

四、zipkin server docker 安装

1.创建文件 docker-compose.yml

# This file uses the version 2 docker-compose file format, described here: # https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/#version-2 # # This runs the zipkin and zipkin-mysql containers, using docker-compose's # default networking to wire the containers together. # # Note that this file is meant for learning Zipkin, not production deployments. version: '2' services: zipkin: image: openzipkin/zipkin container_name: zipkin # Environment settings are defined here https://github.com/openzipkin/zipkin/tree/1.19.0/zipkin-server#environment-variables environment: - STORAGE_TYPE=mysql # Point the zipkin at the storage backend - MYSQL_DB=shop_zipkin - MYSQL_USER=root - MYSQL_PASS=root - MYSQL_HOST=192.168.43.212 - MYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 # Uncomment to enable scribe # - SCRIBE_ENABLED=true # Uncomment to enable self-tracing # - SELF_TRACING_ENABLED=true # Uncomment to enable debug logging # - JAVA_OPTS=-Dlogging.level.zipkin=DEBUG -Dlogging.level.zipkin2=DEBUG - RABBIT_ADDRESSES=192.168.0.10:5672 - RABBIT_USER=guest - RABBIT_PASSWORD=guest - RABBIT_QUEUE=zipkin - RABBIT_VIRTUAL_HOST=/ ports: # Port used for the Zipkin UI and HTTP Api - 9411:9411 # Uncomment if you set SCRIBE_ENABLED=true # - 9410:9410

2.msql 创建zipkin 数据库和表

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `zipkin_annotations`; CREATE TABLE `zipkin_annotations` ( `trace_id_high` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit', `trace_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.trace_id', `span_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.id', `a_key` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.key or Annotation.value if type == -1', `a_value` blob COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.value(), which must be smaller than 64KB', `a_type` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.type() or -1 if Annotation', `a_timestamp` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'Used to implement TTL; Annotation.timestamp or zipkin_spans.timestamp', `endpoint_ipv4` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null', `endpoint_ipv6` binary(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null, or no IPv6 address', `endpoint_port` smallint(6) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null', `endpoint_service_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null', UNIQUE KEY `trace_id_high` (`trace_id_high`,`trace_id`,`span_id`,`a_key`,`a_timestamp`) COMMENT 'Ignore insert on duplicate', UNIQUE KEY `trace_id_high_4` (`trace_id_high`,`trace_id`,`span_id`,`a_key`,`a_timestamp`) COMMENT 'Ignore insert on duplicate', KEY `trace_id_high_2` (`trace_id_high`,`trace_id`,`span_id`) COMMENT 'for joining with zipkin_spans', KEY `trace_id_high_3` (`trace_id_high`,`trace_id`) COMMENT 'for getTraces/ByIds', KEY `endpoint_service_name` (`endpoint_service_name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getServiceNames', KEY `a_type` (`a_type`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and autocomplete values', KEY `a_key` (`a_key`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and autocomplete values', KEY `trace_id` (`trace_id`,`span_id`,`a_key`) COMMENT 'for dependencies job', KEY `trace_id_high_5` (`trace_id_high`,`trace_id`,`span_id`) COMMENT 'for joining with zipkin_spans', KEY `trace_id_high_6` (`trace_id_high`,`trace_id`) COMMENT 'for getTraces/ByIds', KEY `endpoint_service_name_2` (`endpoint_service_name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getServiceNames', KEY `a_type_2` (`a_type`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and autocomplete values', KEY `a_key_2` (`a_key`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and autocomplete values', KEY `trace_id_2` (`trace_id`,`span_id`,`a_key`) COMMENT 'for dependencies job' ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED; -- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for zipkin_dependencies -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `zipkin_dependencies`; CREATE TABLE `zipkin_dependencies` ( `day` date NOT NULL, `parent` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `child` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `call_count` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, `error_count` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`day`,`parent`,`child`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED; -- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for zipkin_spans -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `zipkin_spans`; CREATE TABLE `zipkin_spans` ( `trace_id_high` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit', `trace_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `remote_service_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, `parent_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, `debug` bit(1) DEFAULT NULL, `start_ts` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'Span.timestamp(): epoch micros used for endTs query and to implement TTL', `duration` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'Span.duration(): micros used for minDuration and maxDuration query', PRIMARY KEY (`trace_id_high`,`trace_id`,`id`), KEY `trace_id_high` (`trace_id_high`,`trace_id`) COMMENT 'for getTracesByIds', KEY `name` (`name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getSpanNames', KEY `remote_service_name` (`remote_service_name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getRemoteServiceNames', KEY `start_ts` (`start_ts`) COMMENT 'for getTraces ordering and range', KEY `trace_id_high_2` (`trace_id_high`,`trace_id`) COMMENT 'for getTracesByIds', KEY `name_2` (`name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getSpanNames', KEY `remote_service_name_2` (`remote_service_name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getRemoteServiceNames', KEY `start_ts_2` (`start_ts`) COMMENT 'for getTraces ordering and range' ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED;

3.客户端配置

1.1 pom 引入rabiit mq jar <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId> <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId> </dependency> 1.2 客户端配置rabiit mq rabbitmq: host: localhost username: guest password: guest port: 5672 virtual-host: / ###开启消息确认机制 confirms publisher-confirms: true publisher-returns: true

4 .启动容器：

docker-compose up -d

注意，要关闭防火墙，关闭防火墙后docker要启动下

五、graylog安装：

1. 创建文件： docker-compose.yml

version: '2' services: mongodb: image: mongo:3 elasticsearch: image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-oss:6.6.1 environment: - http.host=0.0.0.0 - transport.host=localhost - network.host=0.0.0.0 - "ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms512m -Xmx512m" ulimits: memlock: soft: -1 hard: -1 mem_limit: 1g graylog: image: graylog/graylog:3.0 environment: - GRAYLOG_PASSWORD_SECRET=somepasswordpepper - GRAYLOG_ROOT_PASSWORD_SHA2=8c6976e5b5410415bde908bd4dee15dfb167a9c873fc4bb8a81f6f2ab448a918 - GRAYLOG_HTTP_EXTERNAL_URI=http://127.0.0.1:9000/ - GRAYLOG_ROOT_TIMEZONE=Asiz/Shanghai links: - mongodb:mongo - elasticsearch depends_on: - mongodb - elasticsearch ports: - 9000:9000 - 1514:1514 - 1514:1514/udp - 12201:12201 - 12201:12201/udp

2. 启动： docker-compose up -d

3.进入管理页面配置：

http://localhost:9000

admin admin

system---> inputs --> select input 输入 udp 选择 GELF UDP ---> LAUNCH NEW INPU --- 勾选global--->save

4. spring boot 客服端集成graylog 发送日志
https://github.com/osiegmar/logback-gelf

六：源码地址：

https://github.com/lyy2002/spring-cloud-demo

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