SpringBoot 整合 RabbitMQ 五种消息模型实战

RabbitMQ 是消息队列中的主流方案。这篇讲 SpringBoot 整合 RabbitMQ 的五种消息模型。

一、引入依赖

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency>

二、配置

spring:rabbitmq:host:localhostport:5672username:guestpassword:guest

三、工作队列模式（Work Queue）

@ConfigurationpublicclassRabbitConfig{publicstaticfinalStringQUEUE="queue.work";@BeanpublicQueueworkQueue(){returnnewQueue(QUEUE);}}

@ServicepublicclassWorkProducer{@AutowiredprivateRabbitTemplaterabbitTemplate;publicvoidsend(Stringmessage){for(inti=0;i<10;i++){rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.QUEUE,message+":"+i);}}}

@ComponentpublicclassWorkConsumer1{@RabbitListener(queues=RabbitConfig.QUEUE)publicvoidreceive(Stringmessage){System.out.println("消费者1收到: "+message);try{Thread.sleep(1000);}catch(Exceptione){}}}

四、发布订阅模式（Publish/Subscribe）

@ConfigurationpublicclassFanoutConfig{@BeanpublicFanoutExchangefanoutExchange(){returnnewFanoutExchange("exchange.fanout");}@BeanpublicQueuequeueA(){returnnewQueue("queue.fanout.a");}@BeanpublicQueuequeueB(){returnnewQueue("queue.fanout.b");}@BeanpublicBindingbindingA(){returnBindingBuilder.bind(queueA()).to(fanoutExchange());}@BeanpublicBindingbindingB(){returnBindingBuilder.bind(queueB()).to(fanoutExchange());}}

五、路由模式（Routing）

@ConfigurationpublicclassDirectConfig{publicstaticfinalStringQUEUE_INFO="queue.direct.info";publicstaticfinalStringQUEUE_ERROR="queue.direct.error";@BeanpublicDirectExchangedirectExchange(){returnnewDirectExchange("exchange.direct");}@BeanpublicQueueinfoQueue(){returnnewQueue(QUEUE_INFO);}@BeanpublicQueueerrorQueue(){returnnewQueue(QUEUE_ERROR);}@BeanpublicBindinginfoBinding(){returnBindingBuilder.bind(infoQueue()).to(directExchange()).with("info");}@BeanpublicBindingerrorBinding(){returnBindingBuilder.bind(errorQueue()).to(directExchange()).with("error");}}

@ServicepublicclassDirectProducer{@AutowiredprivateRabbitTemplaterabbitTemplate;publicvoidsendError(Stringmessage){// 只有 errorQueue 会收到rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange.direct","error",message);}}

六、主题模式（Topic）

@ConfigurationpublicclassTopicConfig{@BeanpublicTopicExchangetopicExchange(){returnnewTopicExchange("exchange.topic");}@BeanpublicQueueorderQueue(){returnnewQueue("queue.topic.order");}@BeanpublicQueueuserQueue(){returnnewQueue("queue.topic.user");}@BeanpublicBindingorderBinding(){returnBindingBuilder.bind(orderQueue()).to(topicExchange()).with("order.*");}@BeanpublicBindinguserBinding(){returnBindingBuilder.bind(userQueue()).to(topicExchange()).with("user.#");}}

七、五种模型对比

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