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Three.js 城市光影教程

news 2026/7/5 13:24:00

城市光影 ·City Light· ▶ 在线运行案例

案例合集：三维可视化功能案例（threehub.cn）
开源仓库github地址：https://github.com/z2586300277/three-cesium-examples
400个案例代码:网盘链接

你将学到什么

onBeforeCompile 注入 GLSL 改造内置材质
OrbitControls 相机轨道交互
FBXLoader 加载 FBX 城市/角色模型
glTF/Draco 模型加载与优化
GSAP 时间轴与补间动画

效果说明

本案例演示城市光影效果：建筑/模型随进度生长，叠加扫光、扩散波等大屏 Shader 特效；核心用到 onBeforeCompile、OrbitControls、FBXLoader。建议先打开文首在线案例查看动态画面，再对照下方源码逐步理解。

核心概念

Scene / Camera / WebGLRenderer构成最小渲染闭环；大场景可开logarithmicDepthBuffer缓解 Z-fighting。
onBeforeCompile在 Three 拼好内置 shader 后替换#include片段，适合在 PBR 材质上叠加大屏特效。
OrbitControls提供轨道旋转/缩放；开启enableDamping后需在 animate 中controls.update()。

实现步骤

搭建 Scene、PerspectiveCamera、WebGLRenderer，挂载 canvas 并处理resize
异步加载模型 / 3D Tiles / GeoJSON 等资源并加入 scene 或 entities
定义 uniforms / onBeforeCompile 或 ShaderMaterial，编写 GLSL 与材质参数
创建 OrbitControls（及 Raycaster 等交互控件，若源码包含）
在定时器或 GSAP 时间轴中更新 uniform / 变换，驱动特效播放
在requestAnimationFrame循环中更新状态并 render（Cesium 为viewer.render或自动渲染）

代码要点

import * as THREE from 'three'import { OrbitControls } from 'three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls.js' import { GLTFLoader } from 'three/examples/jsm/loaders/GLTFLoader.js' import { DRACOLoader } from 'three/examples/jsm/loaders/DRACOLoader.js' import { FBXLoader } from 'three/examples/jsm/loaders/FBXLoader.js' import gsap from 'gsap'
const size = { width: window.innerWidth, height: window.innerHeight } const scene = new THREE.Scene() const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, size.width / size.height, 0.1, 1000) camera.position.set(5, 5, 5) const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true, logarithmicDepthBuffer: true }) renderer.setSize(size.width, size.height) renderer.setPixelRatio(window.devicePixelRatio * 1.5) document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement) new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement) renderer.setAnimationLoop(() => renderer.render(scene, camera))
//加载gltf const dracoLoader = new DRACOLoader() dracoLoader.setDecoderPath(FILE_HOST + 'js/three/draco/') dracoLoader.preload() const loader = new GLTFLoader() loader.setDRACOLoader(dracoLoader) loader.load(FILE_HOST + 'models/glb/build.glb', (gltf) => { const model = gltf.scene model.scale.set(0.01, 0.01, 0.01) scene.add(model) model.traverse((child) => { if (child instanceof THREE.Mesh) { child.material.dispose() child.material = modifyMaterial() } }) })
// fbx new FBXLoader().load(HOST + '/files/model/city.FBX', (object3d) => { scene.add(object3d) object3d.scale.set(0.001, 0.001, 0.001) object3d.traverse((child) => { if (child instanceof THREE.Mesh) { child.material.dispose() child.material = modifyMaterial() } }) })
//混合着色 function modifyMaterial() { const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: '#28A1CC', // wireframe: true, opacity: 0.2, transparent: true, side: THREE.DoubleSide }) material.onBeforeCompile = (shader) => { shader.fragmentShader = shader.fragmentShader.replace(/#include /,#include //替换标记) addColor(shader) addWave(shader) addLightLine(shader) addToTopLine(shader) } return material }
// function addColor(shader) { // 获取物体的高度差 const uHeight = 1200
shader.uniforms.uTopColor = { value: new THREE.Color('#e9eaef') } shader.uniforms.uHeight = { value: uHeight }
shader.vertexShader = shader.vertexShader.replace( '#include ',#include varying vec3 vPosition;)
shader.vertexShader = shader.vertexShader.replace( '#include ',#include vPosition = position;)
shader.fragmentShader = shader.fragmentShader.replace( '#include ',#include
uniform vec3 uTopColor; uniform float uHeight; varying vec3 vPosition;) shader.fragmentShader = shader.fragmentShader.replace( '//替换标记',vec4 distGradColor = gl_FragColor;
// 设置混合的百分比 float gradMix = vPosition.y/uHeight; // 计算出混合颜色 vec3 gradMixColor = mix(distGradColor.xyz,uTopColor,gradMix); gl_FragColor = vec4(gradMixColor,1); //替换标记) }/** *添加扩散波 / function addWave(shader) { // 设置扩散的中心点 shader.uniforms.uSpreadCenter = { value: new THREE.Vector2(0, 0) } // 扩散的时间 shader.uniforms.uSpreadTime = { value: -2000 } // 设置条带的宽度 shader.uniforms.uSpreadWidth = { value: 40 }
shader.fragmentShader = shader.fragmentShader.replace( '#include ',#includeuniform vec2 uSpreadCenter; uniform float uSpreadTime; uniform float uSpreadWidth;)
shader.fragmentShader = shader.fragmentShader.replace( '//替换标记',float spreadRadius = distance(vPosition.xz,uSpreadCenter); // 扩散范围的函数 float spreadIndex = -(spreadRadius-uSpreadTime)*(spreadRadius-uSpreadTime)+uSpreadWidth;
if(spreadIndex>0.0){ gl_FragColor = mix(gl_FragColor,vec4(1,1,1,1),spreadIndex/uSpreadWidth); }//替换标记)
gsap.to(shader.uniforms.uSpreadTime, { value: 800, duration: 3, ease: 'none', repeat: -1 }) }
function addLightLine(shader) { // 扩散的时间 shader.uniforms.uLightLineTime = { value: -1500 } // 设置条带的宽度 shader.uniforms.uLightLineWidth = { value: 200 }
shader.fragmentShader = shader.fragmentShader.replace( '#include ',#include
uniform float uLightLineTime; uniform float uLightLineWidth;)
shader.fragmentShader = shader.fragmentShader.replace( '//替换标记',float LightLineMix = -(vPosition.x+vPosition.z-uLightLineTime)*(vPosition.x+vPosition.z-uLightLineTime)+uLightLineWidth;
if(LightLineMix>0.0){ gl_FragColor = mix(gl_FragColor,vec4(0.8,1.0,1.0,1),LightLineMix /uLightLineWidth);
}//替换标记)
gsap.to(shader.uniforms.uLightLineTime, { value: 1500, duration: 5, ease: 'none', repeat: -1 }) }
function addToTopLine(shader) { // 扩散的时间 shader.uniforms.uToTopTime = { value: 0 } // 设置条带的宽度 shader.uniforms.uToTopWidth = { value: 40 }
shader.fragmentShader = shader.fragmentShader.replace( '#include ',#include
uniform float uToTopTime; uniform float uToTopWidth;)
shader.fragmentShader = shader.fragmentShader.replace( '//替换标记',float ToTopMix = -(vPosition.y-uToTopTime)*(vPosition.y-uToTopTime)+uToTopWidth;
if(ToTopMix>0.0){ gl_FragColor = mix(gl_FragColor,vec4(0.8,0.8,1,1),ToTopMix /uToTopWidth);
}//替换标记)
gsap.to(shader.uniforms.uToTopTime, { value: 500, duration: 3, ease: 'none', repeat: -1 }) }